_wiàV - A°ãgmoë`wQ> _°¾rQ>çyS> (Absolute Magnitude)
Ñí`àV {h R>am{dH$ Vmè`mÀ`m n¥ÏdrdéZ {XgUmè`m {Xár R>a{dbr OmVo. Á`m Vmè`mMr A°ãgmoë`wQ> _°¾rQ>çyS> H$mT>md`mMr Amho Vmo R>am{dH$ Vmam Ë`mÀ`m Agboë`m ñWmZmnmgyZ 10 nmg}H$ (33 bmB©Q> df}) A§Vamda AmUmd`mMm d VoWyZ Ë`mÀ`m {Xár Ho$dT>r {Xgob Vo nm{hbo OmVo.

A°H}eZ (Accretion)
_moR>çm Vmè`mnmgyZ N>moQ>çm Vmè`mH$S>o Ë`mÀ`m JwéËdmH$f©UmZo dñVy_mZ IoMë`mOmUmè`m à{H«$`og A°H}$eZ Ago åhUVmV. EH$m {d{eï> H$mimZ§Va N>moQ>çm Vmè`m^modVr _moR>çm Vmè`mÀ`m dñVy_mZmMr Jmob MH$Vr gmaIr H$S>m V`ma hmoVo Ë`mg A°H}$eZ {S>ñH$ Ago åhUVmV.

{_Ì Vmam - Aë\m g|Qm°ar - (Alpha Centauri)
gy`m©nmgyZ A§VamZo gdm©V OdiMm àIa Vmam (A§Va 4.36 àH$me df})

A°ëQrQ>çwS> (Altitude)
{j{VOmnmgyZ da AmH$memV I-ñdpñVH$ (Zenith) n`ªV A§em_Ü`o _moObo Jobobo A§Va

A°ÝQr _°Q>a (Antimatter)
Ago dñVy_mZ Oo ApñVËdmV Agboë`m dñVy_mZmÀ`m {déÕ JwUY_m©Mo Amho. Á`m dñVy_mZm_Ü`o àmoQ>m°ÝgZm F$U ({ZJo{Q>ìh) JwUY_© Amho Am{U BboŠQ>m°ÝgZm YZ (nm°{g{Q>ìh) JwUY_© Amho.

A°ÝQrnm°S>b q~Xy - A°ÝQrnmoS>b q~Xy (Antipodal point)
Vmo q~Xy Omo EImÚm J«hmÀ`m {XgUmè`m ^mJmÀ`m AWdm H$moUË`mhr ^mJmdarb q~XyÀ`m {déÕ ^mJmdarb q~Xy. Á`mà_mUo n¥Ïdrdarb CÎma Y¥dmdarb q~XyÀ`m {déÕ q~Xy åhUOoM X{jU Y¥d q~Xy.

A°nñQm°Z (Apastron)
XmoZ OmoS>VmaH$m§_{Yb (Binary Stars) _{Yb EH$_oH$m§nmgyZ gdm©{YH$ Xya AgVmZmMo A§Va.

A°nM©a (Aperture)
àH$me OmÊ`mgmR>r H°$_oam AWdm Q>oboñH$mon `m§gma»`m dñVy_Ü`o q^Jmg_moa Agbobo Jmob {N>Ð. `m {N>ÐmÛmao àH$me AmV OmD$Z {MÌ V`ma hmoVo. A°nM©aMm AmH$mamMm AmH$S>m OodT>m OmñV VodT>o {N>Ð bhmZ d A°nM©aMm AmH$mamMm AmH$S>m OodT>m H$_r VodT>o {N>Ð _moR>o.

A°noho{b`Z (Aphelion)
EImÚm J«hmMm gy`© àX{jUm H$joVrb gy`m©nmgyZMm gdm©{YH$ XyaÀ`m A§Vamdarb ñWmZ

A°nm°Jr (Apogee)
gy`© àX{jUm H$joVrb n¥ÏdrMo gy`m©nmgyZMo gdm©{YH$ XyaÀ`m A§Vamdarb ñWmZ

Ñí`àV - A°noa§Q> _°¾rQ>çyS> (Apparent Magnitude)
n¥ÏdrdéZ nmhUmè`m {Z[ajH$mg EImÚm Vmè`mMr ZwgË`m S>moù`m§Zr {XgUmè`m {Xár déZ H$mT>br Jobobr àV.

AmH©$ goH§X (Arc Second)
A§emË_H$ bhmZmZ bhmZ _moObobo A§Va. 60 AmH©$ goH§$X åhUOo 1 AmH©$ {_{ZQ> åhUOoM 1 AmH©$ {S>J«r åhUOo 3600 AmH©$ goH§$X. VgoM EH$ AmH©$ goH§$X åhUOo gy`m©darb 725 {H$._r.

AmH©$ {S>J«r (Arc Degree)
A§emË_H$ A§Va Á`m_Ü`o 360 AmH©$ {S>J«r {_iyZ EH$ nyU© Jmob (full circle) V`ma hmoVo.

AmH©$ {_{ZQ> (Arc Minute)
EH$ {S>J«rMm 60 dm ^mJ AWdm 60 AmH©$ {_{ZQ>o åhUOo EH$ {S>J«r.

bKwJ«h - A°ñQ>oam°B©S (Asteroid)
AmH$mamZo \$maM bhmZ Agë`mZo J«hmMo ñWmZ Z {_imbobm _moR>m IS>H$ AWdm XJS>. øm§Mm AmH$ma CëH$m§nojm _moR>m nU J«hm§nojm bhmZ AgVmo. gw`©_mbo_Ü`o _§Ji Am{U Jwé J«hm§_Ü`o øm bKwJ«hm§Mm nÅ>m AmT>iVmo.

IJmo{b` agm`Zemó - A°ñQ´moHo{_ñQ´r (Astrochemistry)
{dkmZmMrM EH$ emIm Á`m_Ü`o AdH$memVrb Vmè`m§_{Yb dm`y Am{U Ywi `m§Mm Aä`mg Ho$bm OmVmo.

IJmo{b` EH$H$ - A°ñQ´moZm°_r `w{ZQ> (Astronomical unit - AU)
gw`© Am{U n¥Ïdr `m_{Yb A§Va åhUOoM EH$ IJmo{b` EH$H$. gw`© Am{U n¥Ïdr `m_{Yb gamgar A§Va 149,597,870 {H$._r. Amho.

Aamoam (Aurora)
n¥ÏdrÀ`m Mw§~{H$` joÌm_wio gw`m©H$Sy>Z `oUmar A{VZrb {H$aUo n¥ÏdrÀ`m Y¥dr` ^mJmH$S>o IoMbr OmVmV. Ë`m_yio dmVmdaUm_Ü`o amÌrÀ`m A§Ymam_Ü`o Xo{Ib AdH$memV EH$ àH$mePmoV {XgVmo Ë`mbmM Aamoam Ago åhUVmV.

Aamoam ~mo[a`mbrg (Aurora Borealis)
n¥ÏdrÀ`m Mw§~{H$` joÌm_wio gw`m©H$Sy>Z `oUmar A{VZrb {H$aUo n¥ÏdrÀ`m Y¥dr` ^mJmH$S>o IoMbr OmVmV. Ë`m_yio dmVmdaUm_Ü`o amÌrÀ`m A§Ymam_Ü`o Xo{Ib AdH$memV EH$ àH$mePmoV {XgVmo Ë`mbmM Aamoam Ago åhUVmV. VgoM n¥ÏdrÀ`m CÎma Y¥dmÀ`m ~mOybm {XgUmè`m àH$mePmoVmg Aamoam ~mo[a`mbrg Ago åhUVmV.

Aamoam Am°ñQ´mbrg (Aurora Australis)
n¥ÏdrÀ`m Mw§~{H$` joÌm_wio gw`m©H$Sy>Z `oUmar A{VZrb {H$aUo n¥ÏdrÀ`m Y¥dr` ^mJmH$S>o IoMbr OmVmV. Ë`m_yio dmVmdaUm_Ü`o amÌrÀ`m A§Ymam_Ü`o Xo{Ib AdH$memV EH$ àH$mePmoV {XgVmo Ë`mbmM Aamoam Ago åhUVmV. VgoM n¥ÏdrÀ`m X{jU Y¥dmÀ`m ~mOybm {XgUmè`m àH$mePmoVmg Aamoam Am°ñQ´>mbrg Ago åhUVmV.

eaX g§nmV - Am°Q_Zb B{¹$Zm°Šg (Autumnal equinox)
n¥ÏdrMm Aj 23.5 A§emZr H$bbobm Agë`mZo gw`© àX{jUm H$aVmZm gw`© H$mhrH$mi n¥ÏdrÀ`m CÎma ^mJmÀ`m Odi AgVmo Va H$mhrH$mi n¥ÏdrÀ`m X{jU ^mJmÀ`m Odi AgVmo. gw`© Á`mdoiog n¥ÏdrÀ`m X{jU ^mJmÀ`m gdm©V Odi AgVmo Ë`m ^mJmg eaX g§nmV q~Xy Ago åhUVmV.

AjmMm H$b (Axial inclination)
øm_Ü`o EImXm J«h Ë`mÀ`m CÎma-X{jU AjmnmgyZ {H$Vr H$bbobm Amho Vo nm{hbo OmVo. hm H$b Ë`m R>am{dH$ J«hmÀ`m n[a^«_U H$jodéZ H$mT>bm OmVmo.

Aj (Axis)
EH$ Aer AÑí` aofm Or EImÚm ñdV…^modVr dñVyÀ`m ~amo~a _Ü`^mJmVyZ Jobr Agob. ømbmM Y¥d Ago Xo{Ib åhUVmV.

A°{P_W (Azimuth)
Ago A§Va Oo {j{VOmbm g_m§Va d CÎma {XeonmgyZ _moObo OmVo.

~°arg|Q>a (Barycenter)
gd© dñVw_mZmÀ`m H|$ÐmVrb dñVw_mZ. CXm. gw`©_mboVrb H|$Ðr` dñVw_mZ

_hm{dñ\$moQ> - {~J~±J (Big Bang)
EH$ Agm {gÕm§V Á`m_Ü`o gm§{JVbo Amho {H$ {dœmMr CËnÎmr AdH$memVrb EH$m q~XyÀ`m _hmñ\$moQ>mVyZ Pmbr Agmdr. Ë`m _hmñ\$moQ>m_wioM gÜ`m {dœmMo AmH$ma_mZ dmT>V Amho Ago {XgVo.

OmoS>VmaH$m - ~m`Zar ñQ>mg© (Binary Stars)
Ago XmoZ Vmao Oo g_mZ H|${Ð` JwéËdmH$f©U EH$_oH$m§^modVr {\$aV AmhoV.

H¥îU{dda - ãb°H$hmob (Black Hole)
EH$ _hmàM§S> JwéËdr` ~b. H$mhr àH$maÀ`m _hmamjgr Vmè`m§Mm Ë`m§À`m _¥Ë`w g_`r Ë`m_{Yb B§YZ g§në`mda Vo ñdV…À`mM JwéËdmH$f©Um_Ü`o AS>H$VmV Am{U Vmo Vmam ñdV…À`mM JwéËdmH$f©Um_wio bhmZ-bhmZ hmoV AIoa q~XydV hmoV eodQ>r AÑí` hmoVmo. øm AdñWog qg½`wë`marQ>r Ago åhUVmV. Aemdoiog Ë`mMo dñVw_mZ àM§S> Pmbobo AgVo. Ë`mÀ`m àM§S> JwéËdmH$f©Um_wio Ë`mnmgyZ {ZKmbobm àH$me Xo{Ib nyÝhm Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o IoMbm OmVmo.

ãbw {eâQ> (Blueshift)
EImÚm Vmè`mMm dU©nQ>b KoVbm AgVm Ë`m_Ü`o Agboë`m aofm {Zù`m ~mOyg gaH$Uo. ãbw {eâQ> Ûmao Vm R>am{dH$ Vmam Amnë`m {XeoZo `oV Amho ho H$iVo. Va OodT>r ãbw {eâQ> OmñV VodT>m Vmo Vmam doJmZo Amnë`m {XeoZo `oV Amho.

AdHmer` {dfwdd¥Îm - gobo{e`b B¹oQ>a (Celestial equator)
EH$ Aer g_m§Va nmVir Or n¥Ïdr Am{U AdH$me `m§À`mer g_m§Va Agob.

AdHmer` Y¥d - gobo{e`b nmob (Celestial pole)
AdH$me JmobmMo CÎma Am{U X{jU Ago XmoZ Y¥d {OWo n¥ÏdrMo nardbZ Aj EH$_oH$m§Zm N>oXVmV.

AdHmer` Jmob - gobo{e`b pñ\$Aa (Celestial sphere)
EH$ Agm H$mën{ZH$ AdH$mer` Jmob Á`m_Ü`o n¥Ïdr H|$ÐñWmZr Amho Am{U AmnU Ë`m Jmobmda Vmè`m§Zm nmhV AmhmoV.

go{\$S> (Cepheid)
AmH$ma_mZ ~XbUmam én{dH$mar Vmam. én{dH$mar Vmè`m§À`m àH$mamVrb EH$ {d{eï> àH$ma Á`m_Ü`o Vmo R>am{dH$ Vmam Amnë`m AmH$ma_mZmgmo~V {Xár Xo{Ib {d{eï> H$mbm§VamZo H$_r-OmñV H$aVmo. gÜ`mÀ`m àJV {dkmZm_Ü`o Aem Vmè`m§Mm Cn`moJ Ë`m§Mo Amnë`mnmgwZMo A§Va _moOÊ`mgmR>r hmoVmo.

q^{J` {df_Vm - H«mo_°{Q>H$ A°~aoeZ (Chromatic aberration)
H$m{hdoiog {d{eï> àH$maMo H$mMoMo q^J àH$me{H$aUm§Mo d{H«$^dZH$éZ doJdoJù`m {Xem§Zm doJdoJù`m a§JN>Q>m XmI{dVmo. Aem àË`` Ë`m q^JmÀ`m H$S>og OmU{dVmo.

H«mo_mopñ\$Aa (Chromosphere)
gw`m©À`m Jmä`mVrb EH$ àH$maMm Wa Omo àmoQ>mopñ\$AaÀ`m Am{U Jmä`mdarb ~XbUmè`m ^mJmda AgVmo. H«$mo_mopñ\$Aa, àmoQ>mopñ\$AaÀ`m_mZmZo A{Ve` Vá AgVo na§Vy _Ü` Jmä`mÀ`m _mZmZo ho Vmn_mZ H$_r AgVo.

Y¥dVmam - gH©_nmobma ñQ>ma (Circumpolar Star)
Agm Vmam Omo H$YrM _mdiV Zmhr. Omo Zoh_rM {j{VOmÀ`m da {XgVmo. ho {Z[ajH$mÀ`m OmJoda Adb§~yZ Amho. n¥ÏdrÀ`m X{jU JmobmYm©V H$mhr {\$H$Q> Vmao Y¥dmOdi AmhoV, na§Vy n¥ÏdrÀ`m CÎma JmobmYm©V EH$ R>iH$ Vmam Y¥dmOdi Amho, Ë`mbmM AmnU Y¥dVmam d B§J«Or _Ü`o nmobm[ag Ago åhUVmo.

Hmo_m (Coma)
Yw_Ho$VyÀ`m _w»`m S>moŠ`mOdi Agboë`m dm`w_` AmdaUmbm H$mo_m Ago åhUVmV. øm_Ü`o àm_w»`mZo dm`w AgVmV. gw`© {H$aUm§_wio hm dm`w Vá hmoD$Z Ë`m_{Yb ~\©$_` YwirH$U gwQ>o hmoVmV. Z§Va ømnmgyZ Yw_Ho$Vybm eonQ>r V`ma hmoVo. Or Yw_Ho$VyÀ`m _w»` Jmä`mnmgyZ hOmamo _¡b _moR>r hmoVo.

Yw_HoVy - Hm°_oQ> (Comet)
gd©gmYmaUnUo gw`©_mboV àdoe H$aVmM Yy_Ho$Vy_mJo AmnUmg eonQ>r Ambobr {Xgob. {h eonQ>r ~\$m©ÀN>m{XV YwirH$Um§Mr AgVo d OgOgm Vmo Yy_Ho$Vy gw`m©À`m A{YH$ Odi `oD$ bmJVmo, Ë`mdoiog ho ~\$m©ÀN>m{XV YwirH$U {daKiyZ Yy_Ho$Vy nmgyZ AbJ hmoVmV Am{U Yy_Ho$Vy _mJo YwirH$Um§Mr EH$ eonQ>r V`ma hmoVo. Á`m_yio Yy_Ho$Vy EImÚm PmSy> gmaIm {Xgy bmJVmo. H$m{h AmR>dS>çm§_Ü`oM Vmo Amnbr gw`© àX{jUm g§ndyZ nyd©dV Xya OmD$ bmJVmo d Ë`m~amo~a Ë`mMr eonQ>r Xo{Ib bhmZ hmoV hmoV AÑí` hmoVo.

`wVr - H§OŠeZ (Conjunction)
Ooìhm XmoZ qH$ìhm AZoH$ AdH$meñV dñVy EH$_oH$m§Odi {Xgy bmJVmV øm KQ>Zobm `wVr Ago åhUVmV.

VmaH$mg_wh - Hm°ZñQ>boeÝg (Constellation)
AdH$memVrb VmaH$m§Mm Agm g_wh Á`m_wio Ë`m Vmè`m§_wio EImXm {d{eï> _moR>m AmH$ma {XgVmo. AdH$memV Ago 88 VmaH$mg_wh AmhoV.

H$amoZm (Corona)
gw`m©darb dmVmdaUmVrb gdm©V ~mhoarb Wa. Á`m_Ü`o {Za{Zamù`m àH$maMo dm`w AgVmV. A{Ve` {dai AgyZXo{Ib Ë`m§Mo Vmn_mZ 1 bmI {S>J«r Ho$pëdZ EdT>o AgVo. ZwgË`m S>moù`m§Zm hm H$amoZm \$º$ gw`©J«hUmÀ`m doiogM nhm`bm {_iVmo.

d¡pîdH$ {H$aU - Hm°pñ_H$ ao (Cosmic Ray)
AmpÊdH$ H$U (Á`m_Ü`o àm_w»`mZo àmoQ>m°Ýg AgVmV) Oo A§VamimVyZ `oD$Z n¥ÏdrÀ`m dmVmdaUmV àdoe H$aVmV. ho H$U àM§S> D$Om©_` AgVmV.

_wiemó - Hm°ñ_mobm°Or (Cosmology)
{dkmZmMr EH$ Aer emIm Á`m_Ü`o D$ËnmÎmr, _wi, aMZm Am{U {ZgJuH$ {dœmMm Aä`mg Ho$bm OmVmo.

IiJo - H«oQ>a (Crater)
JmobmH$ma _moR>m IÈ>m Omo bKwJ«h AWdm CëH$m AmXië`mZo V`ma Pmbm Agob. VgoM Omo Ádmbm_wIrÀ`m A§VaXm~m_wio Xo{Ib V`ma Pmbm Agob.

H¥îU nXmW© - S>mH©_°Q>a (Dark Matter)
{dœmVrb Ago dñVw_mZ Oo ApñVËdmV Va Amho na§Vy {XgV Zm{h. Oo AÑí` Amho nU Á`m§À`m JwéËdr`~bmMm narUm_ _mÌ BVa AdH$meñW Jmoï>tda {XgyZ `oVmo.

H«m§Vr - S>opŠbZoeZ (Declination)
EImÚm AdH$meñW dñVyMo, J«hmÀ`m AdH$mer` {dfwdd¥ÎmmnmgyZ _moObo Jobobo A§emË_H$ A§Va.

MH$Vr - {S>ñH$ (Disk)
gw`m©Mm Ñí`^mJMm AmH$ma AWdm EImXr AdH$meñW dñVyMo AdH$memVrb {MÌ.

S>m°nba B\oŠQ> (Doppler Effect)
àH$memÀ`m AWdm AmdmOmÀ`m Va§Jbm§~r_{Yb ~Xb Omo EImÚm {d{eï> dñVynmgyZ {ZKmbobm Amho Am{U Á`mMm g§~§Y {Z[ajH$mÀ`m OmJoda Adb§~yZ Amho. Oa EImXr dñVy {Z[ajH$mnmgyZ Xya OmV Agob Va Ë`m_yio Va§Jbm§~rÀ`m bhmZ aofm {Zù`m a§JmH$S>o gaH$boë`m {XgVmV. Va `m CbQ> Oa EImXr dñVy {Z[ajH$mOdi `oV Agob Va Ë`m_yio Va§Jbm§~rÀ`m _moR>çm aofm bmb a§JmH$S>o gaH$boë`m {XgVmV. gÜ`m S>m°nba B\o$ŠQ> hm à`moJ EImÚm AdH$meñW dñVyMm doJ Am{U {Xem R>a{dÊ`mgmR>r H$aVmV.

OmoS>VmaH$m - S>~bñQ>ma (Double Star)
H$mhrdoiog nwT>o_mJo Agboë`m XmoZ VmaH$m {Z[ajH$mg EH$Ì AWdm EH$mM OmJr {XgVmV. øm XmoZ VmaH$m H$mhrdoiog nwT>o_mJo AgVmV Va H$mhrdoiog EH$Ì Xo{Ib EH$_oH$m§^modVr {\$aV AgVmV.

J«hU - EpŠbßg (Eclipse)
EH$m AdH$meñW dñVy_wio Xwgar dñVyMm àH$me nwU©V… AWdm A§eV… AS>{dbm OmUo.

E{\$_oarO (Ephemeris)
VmaIoZwgma nÕVera _mS>bobr _m{hVr. CXm. gd©gm_mÝ`nUo gw`©, M§Ð Am{U BVa J«h `m§À`m OmJoMr XaamoOMr _m{hVr AWdm XaamoOMr BVa AdH$meñW dñVy§~ÔbMr _m{hVr.

g§nmV q~Xy - B{¹$Zm°Šg (Equinox)
Ago XmoZ q~Xy OooWo gw`m©Mm Am`{ZH$ _mJ© hm n¥ÏdrÀ`m {dfwdd¥Îmmg N>oXVmo. øm XmoZ q~Xy§Zm dg§V Am{U eaX Ago åhUVmV. Xadfu gw`© 21 _mM© amoOr dg§Vg§nmV q~Xyda AgVmo Va 22 gßQ>|~a amoOr eaXg§nmV q~Xyda AgVmo.

_w{º$Mm doJ - EñHon dobm°{gQ>r (Escape Velocity)
EImÚm J«hmnmgyZ AWdm AdH$meñW dñVyÀ`m JwéËdmH$f©UmVyZ ~mhoa nS>Ê`mgmR>r bmJUmam doJ.

BdoÝQ> hmoamB©PZ (Event Horizon)
H¥$îU{ddam^modVr Agbobr Ë`mMr AÑí` gr_m Á`mÀ`mAmV Joë`mg H$moUrhr _wº$ hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr, BVH$M H$s àH$meXo{Ib naV _mJo IoMbm OmVmo.

_¥VmdñWoHS>o Mmbbobm Vmam - Bdm°ëS> ñQ>ma (Evolved Star)
Amnbm Am`wî`H«$_ g§ndyZ _¥Ë`wn§Wmbm Mmbbobm Vmam. Aem AdñWo_Ü`o Ë`m R>am{dH$ Vmè`mVrb B§YZ g§nbobo AgVo Am{U AmVm Vmo Amnbo dñVy_mZ J_{dV AgVmo.

EŠñQ´>mJ°b°pŠQ>H$ (Extragalactic)
EH$ eãX Omo ~mhoarb AWdm Amnë`m AmH$meJ§JonbrH$S>rb dñVy§gmR>r dmnabm OmVmo.

AVarj - EŠñQ´m Q>oaopñQ>Ab (Extraterrestrial)
EH$ eãX Omo n¥ÏdrÀ`m ~mhoarb {Z_m©U Pmboë`m dñVy§gmR>r dmnabm OmVmo.

Am`{ng (Eyepiece)
Q>oboñH$monÀ`m eodQ>r bmdbr OmUmar q^J. Á`m_Ü`o nmhÿZ {Z[ajH$ nmhV Agboë`m dñVyMm AmH$ma _moR>m H$aVmo. {Za{Zamù`m j_VoÀ`m q^Jm_wio dñVyMo AmH$ma_mZ _moR>o {XgVo.

\$m`a~m°b (Fireball)
A{Ve` àIa CëH$m. H$m{h doiog \$m`a~m°b M§ÐmÀ`m àH$memnojm Xo{Ib {H$VrVar nQ>rZo àIa AgVmo.

JwéËdr` q~Xy - J°b°pŠQ>H$ Ý`wpŠbAg (Galactic Nucleus)
AmH$meJ§Jm _Ü`o AgUmè`m Vmao Am{U dm`y `m§_{Yb A{VKZ JwéËdr` ~i Agbobo H|$Ð

JwéËdr` HS>m - J°b°pŠQ>H$ hobmo (Galactic Halo)
AmH$meJ§JmÀ`m H|${Ð` Jmä`m^modVr AWdm ~mhoarb ~mOyg AgUmè`m JmobmH$ma H$S>og JwéËdr` H$S>m Ago åhUVmV.

AmHmeJ§Jm - J°b°pŠg (Galaxy)
AãOmdYr VmaH$m§Mm g_wh. Amnbm gy`© Á`m AmH$meJ§Jo_Ü`o Amho Ë`mg B§J«Or_Ü`o - {_pëH$ do - Ago åhUVmV. {dœm_Ü`o Aem AãOmdYr AmH$meJ§Jm AmhoV. AOyZ Xo{Ib AmH$meJ§Jm§Mr CËnÎmr H$er Am{U Ho$ìhm Pmbr ømda g§emoYZ Mmby Amho. AmH$meJ§Jm {Za{Zamù`m AmH$mam§_Ü`o Am{U ñnénmÀ`m Agy eH$VmV. Amnë`m AmH$meJ§JmMm AmH$ma g{n©bmH¥$Vr Amho Am{U Ë`m_Ü`o H$mhr AmãO Vmao AmhoV. H$mhr AmH$meJ§Jm Aem AmhoV {H$ Á`mMm àH$me AmnUmn`ªV `oÊ`mgM hOmamo df} bmJVmV. g{n©bmH¥$Vr (spiral), JmobmH$ma (elliptical) Am{U doS>rdmH$S>r (irregular) Ago AmH$meJ§JmMo VrZ _w»` ^mJ AmhoV.

J°{b{bAmoMo M§Ð - J°{b{bAZ _yZ (Galilean Moons)
Am`mo (Io), `wamonm (Europa), H°${bñQ>mo (Callisto) Am{U J°{Z_oS> (Ganymede) øm Jwé J«hmÀ`m Mma M§Ðm§Zm ho Zmd XoÊ`mV Ambo Amho. ømMm emoY J°{b{bAmo J°bobr `mZo bmdë`m_wio Ë`mMo Zmd XoÊ`mV Ambo.

_wbÐì`m§Mm _moR>m T>J - OmE§Q> _mobrŠ`wba ŠbmD$S> (Giant Molecular Cloud (GMC))
AdH$memÀ`m nmoH$ir_Ü`o AmT>iUmè`m _moR>çm T>Jm§Zm Á`m_Ü`o àm_w»`mZo hm`S´>moOZ hm dm`y gmnS>Vmo. VgoM Á`m_Ü`o Z{dZ Vmè`mÀ`m {Z{_©VrgmR>r gmR>r Amdí`H$ dñVy_mZ Amho.

~§{XñV VmaH$mJwÀN> - ½bmoã`wba ŠbñQ>a (Globular Cluster)
EH$ AVrKZ Am{U OoWo eoH$S>mo Vo hOmamo VmaH$m XmQ>rdmQ>rZo AmT>iVmV. ~§{XñV VmaH$mJwÀN>m_Ü`o àm_w»`mZo d¥Õ Vmao _Ü` ^mJm_Ü`o AmT>iVmV.

JwépËd` q^J - J«°{dQ>oeZb b|g (Gravitational Lens)
àM§S> dñVy_mZ Agbobr AmH$meJ§Jm AWdm EImXm Vmam Ë`mÀ`m àM§S> JwéËdmH$f©UmZo Ë`mÀ`m _mJwZ `oUmè`m Vmè`mMm AWdm AmH$meJ§JoMm àH$memMm gai _mJ© ~XbyZ Ë`mbm dH«$Vm AmUVmo. Ë`m_wio Ë`m_m{Jb dñVyMr {Xem ~Xbbobr {XgVo qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m XmoZ g_mZ à{V_m {XgVmV.

JwéËdmHf©U - J«°{dQr (Gravity)
EImÚm nXmWu` dñVy_mZ Agboë`m Jmoï>rMm Xwgè`m Jmoï>rbm Amnë`m Odi IoMÊ`mMm EH$ Z¡g{J©H$ JwUY_©.

gw`© H|{Ð` - ho{bAmog|{Q´>H$ (Heliocentric)
gw`© H|${Ð` ñWmZr AgUo.

gw`© H|{Ð` AdH$me - ho{bgmopñ\$Aa (Heliosphere)
g§nyU© gw`©_mbm Agob Agm EH$ AdH$merVrb H$mën{ZH$ Jmob.

ho{b`_ (Helium)
{ÛVr` H«$_m§H$mdarb Am{U dOZmZo A{Ve` hbH$m Agm dm`y. ho{b`_À`m AUy J^m©_Ü`o XmoZ àmoQ>m°Ýg Am{U XmoZ Ý`wQ´>m°Ýg ho XmoZ BboŠQ´>m°ÝgÀ`m ^modVr {\$aV AgVmV.

ho{_pñ\$Aa (Hemisphere)
EH$ Agm AdH$mer` H$mën{ZH$ Jmob Omo {j{VO, n¥ÏdrMm {dfwdd¥Îm qH$dm Am`{ZH$ d¥Îm øm {R>H$mUr XmoZ ^mJm§_Ü`o {d^mJbm Jobm Amho.

Amda A°ÝJb (Hour Angle)
CÎma-X{jU øm {Xem§da I-ñdpñVH$ ({Z[ajH$mÀ`m S>moŠ`mdarb q~Xy) déZ n¥ÏdrÀ`m {dfwdd¥Îmmer g_m§Va nmVirV déZ Imbr Q>mH$bobm b§~.

EM-Ama S>m`J«m_ (H-R Diagram)
a§JmË_H$ Ñí` àVrMm AmboI. Á`m_Ü`o EImXm {d{eï> Vmè`mMo Ë`mÀ`m dU©nQ>bmdéZ d a§JmdéZ ñWmZ R>a{dbo OmVo. égob (Russell) Am{U hQ>©Pñn§J (Hertzsprung) øm§Zr 1913 gd©àW_ hm AmboI V`ma Ho$ë`m_wio Ë`m§Mo Zmd XoÊ`mV Ambo.

h~bMm {Z`_ - h~ëg bm° (Hubble’s Law)
øm {Z`_mZwgma Amnë`mnmgyZ gdm©V Xya AgUmè`m AmH$meJ§Jm øm {VVŠ`mM doJmZo Xya OmV AmhoV.

hm`S´moOZ (Hydrogen)
dOZmZo hbH$m Am{U ÁdbZera dm`y. hm`S´>moOZÀ`m AUy J^m©_Ü`o EH$ àmoQ>m°Z Am{U EH$ BboŠQ´>moZ AgVmo. _Ü`^mJr \$º$ EH$ àmoQ>m°Z AgVmo. gw`m©Mm 75 Q>¸o$ ^mJ hm`S´>moOZMm Amho. Va n¥Ïdrda ømMo à_mU \$maM AË`ën Amho. hm`S´>moOZ hm {dœ {Z{_©VrVrb _hËdnyU© ^mJ Amho. àM§S> hm`S´>moOZ Agboë`m dm`yÀ`m T>JmnmgyZ Vmè`m§Mr {Z{_©Vr hmoVo.

BpÝŠbZoeZ (Inclination)
n¥Ïdrbm J¥{hV YéZ BVa J«hm§À`m {\$aÊ`mÀ`m H$joMm H$b åhUOo BpÝŠbZoeZ.

B§Q>añQ>obma _o{S>A_ (Interstellar Medium)
XmoZ Vmè`m§À`m _Ü`o Agbobm dm`y Am{U Yyi.

doS>rdmH$S>r AmHmeJ§Jm (Irregular Galaxy)
Aem AmH$meJ§Jm Á`m§Zm H$moUVmhr nÕVera AmH$ma Zmhr.

HopëdZ (Kelvin)
dmVmdaUmVrb Vmn_mZ _moOÊ`mgmR>r IJmobemóm_Ü`o Ho$pëdZ ho _mnH$ dmnabo OmVo. nmÊ`mMo ~\©$ hmoÊ`mÀ`m nmVirn`ªV Ho$pëdZ _mnH$ ho gmYmaU goëgr`g øm _mnH$mgmaIoM Amho. ewÝ` goëgr`g åhUOoM 273 {S>J«r Ho$pëdZ hmo`. nwU©V… ewÝ` åhUOo gdm©V OmñV W§S> Vmn_mZ. ewÝ` {S>J«r Ho$pëdZ åhUOoM -273.16 {S>J«r goëgr`g.

HoßbaMm n{hbm {Z`_ (Kepler’s First Law)
gy`m©nmgyZ J«hm§H$S>o {ZKmbobm àH$me gd© {Xem§Zm gma»`mM doJmZo Am{U gma»`m doimV OmVmo.

HoßbaMm Xwgam {Z`_ (Kepler’s Second Law)
J«hm§Mr gy`© àX{jUm H$aÊ`mMm H$jm gy`© H|${ÐV Am{U b§~ JmobmH$ma Amho.

HoßbaMm {Vgam {Z`_ (Kepler’s Third Law)
J«hm§À`m ^«_U H$joMm dJ© hm Ë`mÀ`m gy`m©nmgyZ AgUmè`m A§VamÀ`m KZmÀ`m à_mUmV ~XbVmo.

{H$bmo{_Q>a (Kilometer)
1 {H$bmo{_Q>a = 1000 {_Q>a = 105 g|{Q>{_Q>a = 0.62 _¡b.

{H$bmonmg}H$ (Kiloparsec)
åhUOoM 1000 nmg}H$ A§Va

Š`wna~oëQ> (Kuiper Belt)
Yw{bH$U Am{U ~\©$H$Um§Mr EH$ JmobmH$ma H$S>m OrMr H$jm ZonÀ`wZ J«hmÀ`m nwT>o Amho. Š`wna~oëQ> _{Yb _wbH$U ho gy`©_mboÀ`m {Z{_©VrÀ`m doiMo Adeof Agë`mMo _mZbo OmVo. H$m{h IJmobemók ßbwQ>mo Am{U Ë`mMm CnJ«h eoam°Z `m§Zm Š`wna~oëQ>_{YbM Jmoï>r _mZVmV.

bJam§O nm°BªQ> (Lagrange Point)
\«|$M J{UVk Am{U IJmobemók OmoO\$ bwB©g bJam§O `m§Zr Ago XmIdyZ {Xbo {H$ VrZ doJdoJù`m {R>H$mUÀ`m dñVy g_m§Va {ÌH$moUr A§VamdéZ EH$mM nmVirV {\$é eH$VmV. g_Om EH$m dñVyMo dñVy_mZ ho BVa XmoZ dñVy§À`m _mZmZo OmñV Agob Va EH$_oH$m§nmgyZMo Ë`m§Mo g_m§Va {ÌH$moUr A§Va Xo{Ib ~Xbob.

b|{Q>Š`wba AmHmeJ§Jm (Lenticular Galaxy)
MH$VrÀ`m AmH$mamÀ`m AmH$meJ§Jm Á`m§Mm AmH$ma nÕVera AgobM Ago Zm{h. øm àH$mamVrb AmH$meJ§JoMm H$b hm b§~ dV¥imH$ma AgÊ`mda AgVmo.

àHmedf© (Light Year)
åhUOoM àH$memZo EH$m dfm©V Ho$bobm àdmg. àVr goH§$X àH$me 3,00,000 {H$bmo{_Q>a (671 Xebj _¡b àVr Vmg). åhUOoM EH$ àH$medf© åhUOo 9.46053E¹² {H$bmo{_Q>a, 5,880,000,000,000 _¡b qH$dm 63,240 IJmo{b` EH$H$ (63,240 A.U.)

qb~ (Limb)
J«h qH$dm BVa AdH$mer` dñVy§Mr ~mhoarb H$S>m AWdm H$dM.

ñWm{ZH$ g_wh (Local Group)
Amnë`m AmH$meJ§Jo gma»`m gmYmaU S>PZmdmar AmH$meJ§Jm§Mm EH$ N>moQ>mgm g_wh.

{Xár (Luminosity)
Vmè`mnmgyZ {_iUmam EHw$U àH$me

M§Ð J«hU (Lunar Eclipse)
EH$ Aer KQ>Zm Á`mdoiog M§ÐmdéZ n¥ÏdrMr gmdbr OmVo. n¥ÏdrÀ`m gmdbr_wio AY©à_mUmV PmH$boë`m M§Ð J«hUmg I§S>J«mg M§Ð J«hU Ago åhQ>bo OmVo, Va n¥ÏdrÀ`m gmdbr_wio nwU©Vm… PmH$boë`m M§Ð J«hUmg I§J«mg M§Ð J«hU Ago åhQ>bo OmVo.

M§Ð _{hZm (Lunar Month)
XmoZ nwU©Vm… A_mdmñ`m qH$dm nm¡{U©_m `m_{Yb gamgar H$mi. EH$ M§Ð _{hZm hm 29 {Xdg, 12 Vmg Am{U 44 {_{ZQ>m§Mm AgVmo.

M§ÐHmi (Lunation)
XmoZ nyU© M§Ð ^«_UmVrb AWdm EH$ A_mdmñ`m Vo Xwgar A_mdmñ`m `m H$mim_{Yb _Ü`m§Va. M§ÐH$mi hm 29 {Xdg, 12 Vmg Am{U 44 {_{ZQ>m§Mm AgVmo.

_°Jo{bZMo T>J (Magellanic Clouds)
Amnë`m AmH$meJ§JoÀ`m ~mhoarb WmoS>çm A§Vamdarb XmoZ doS>çmdmH$S>çm AmH$meJ§Jm. øm XmoZ AmH$meJ§Jm n¥ÏdrÀ`m X{jU JmobmYm©VyZ {XgVmV.

Mw§~{H$` joÌ (Magnetic Field)
{dÚwV^marV H$Um§_wio ho joÌ V`ma hmoVo. n¥ÏdrÀ`m_mZmZo gy`m©Mo Mw§~{H$` joÌ \$ma _moR>o Amho. øm Mw§~{H$` joÌmMo CÎma Am{U X{jU q~Xy n¥ÏdrÀ`m CÎma Am{U X{jU JmobmYm©V AmhoV.

Mw§~{H$` Y«wd (Magnetic Pole)
Mw§~{H$` joÌmVrb CÎma Am{U X{jU q~Xy.

Ñí`àV (Magnitude)
AdH$mem_{Yb EImÚm Vmè`mÀ`m AWdm BVa Jmoï>rÀ`m {XgUmè`m àH$memdéZ Ë`m Vmè`mMr AWdm Jmoï>rMr àV R>a{dbr OmVo. CKS>çm S>moù`m§Zm {XgUmam gdm©V àIa Vmam -1.4 à{VMm Va A{Ve` {\$H$Q> Vmam 6 à{VMm _mZbo OmVo. øm àH$mam_Ü`o àË`oH$ àV hr Am{YÀ`m à{VÀ`m 2.5 nQ> àIa Amho. åhUOoM ZwgË`m S>moù`m§Zm nm{hë`mg 1 à{VMm Vmam hm 6 à{VÀ`m Vmè`mnojm 100 nQ>rZo àIa AgVmo.

dñVy_mZ (Mass)
EImÚm dñVy_Ü`o AgUmè`m gd© Jmoï>r, ho Ë`m_{Yb A§VJ©V _wbÐì` AWdm Ë`mMm Xwgè`m dñVydarb JwéËdmH$f©UmMm à^md `mdéZ R>a{dbo OmVo.

dñVy - _°Q>a (Matter)
Aer Jmoï> Á`mbm dñVy_mZ Amho.

_ar{S>`Z (Meridian)
EH$ H$mën{ZH$ Jmob [a¨JU Oo CÎma-X{jU {Xem§_YwZ OmVo d Á`m_wio nyd© d n{ü_ Ago AmH$memMo XmoZ ^mJ nS>VmV. VgoM ho [a¨JU {Z[ajH$mÀ`m OmJoda Xo{Ib Adb§~yZ Amho.

Mmëg© _o{gAa (Charles Messier (June 26, 1730 - April 12, 1817))
\«$m§g _Ü`o Ë`mH$mio Mmëg© _o{gAa ZmdmMm à{gÕ IJmobemók hmoD$Z Jobm. Vmo OmñV à{gÕ hmoVm Vmo Yy_Ho$Vy emoYÊ`m_yioM, Ë`mZo AZoH$ Yy_Ho$Vy emoYyZ H$mT>boV. AZoH$doim Z{dZ Yy_Ho$Vy emoYVmZm Ë`mbm AdH$memV AZoH$ {\$H$Q> bhmZ nw§OHo$ AmT>iV. Á`m_yio Ë`mbm Ë`mÀ`m H$m_m_Ü`o AS>MU hmoV Ago, H$maU Vo Yy_Ho$Vyà_mUoM {XgV. hmM Ìmg Ë`mH$mimV BVa AdH$me {Z[ajH$m§ZmXo{Ib hmoV Ago. åhUyZM _J nyT>o Ë`m§Zo øm 110 {\$H$Q> nw§OŠ`m§Mr EH$ `mXrM V`ma Ho$br. àË`oH$ nw§OŠ`m§À`m ZmdmnyT>o Ë`mZo Amnë`m ZmdmVrb ‘M’ ho Aja bmdbo. CXm. Xod`mZr VmaH$mg_whm Odi Agboë`m AmH$meJ§Jobm Ë`mZo '31' ho Zmd {Xbo.

CëHm (Meteor)
n¥ÏdrÀ`m dmVmdaUmV Agbobo bhmZ XJS> AWdm ~\$m©ÀN>m{XV YwirH$U.

CëHm dfm©d (Meteor Shower)
bhmZ XJS> AWdm ~\$m©ÀN>m{XV YwirH$U Yy_Ho$Vy_yio Ë`mÀ`m H$jo_Ü`o _mJo amhVmV d n¥Ïdr Ooìhm øm H$jo_Ü`o `oVo Ë`mdoiog n¥ÏdrÀ`m JwéËdmH$f©UmZo Vo n¥ÏdrH$S>o IoMbo OmVmV. dmVmdaUm_Ü`o àdoe H$aVmM Vo Kf©UmZo noQ> KoVmV d Zï> hmoVmV. na§Vy AmH$mamZo _moR>çm Agboë`m CëH$m H$YrH$Yr n¥Ïdrda `oD$Z nS>VmV. `mbmM CëH$m nS>Uo Ago åhUVmV. H$mhr R>am{dH$ {Xder CëH$m nS>Ê`mMo à_mU dmT>bobo {XgVo Á`mg CëH$m dfm©d Ago åhUVmV.

VoOmo_oK (Nebula)
AdH$mem_Ü`o Agbobm YirMm Am{U dm`yMm T>J. `m_Ü`oM nyT>o _J JwéËdmH$f©U {Z_m©U hmoD$Z Z{dZ Vmè`m§Mm OÝ_ hmoVmo.

Ý`wQ´m°Z Vmam (Neutron Star)
EH$m ñ\$moQ> Pmboë`m Vmè`mMm JwéËdmH$f©UmZo Xm~yZ bhmZ Pmbobm Jm^m, Á`m_Ü`o \$º$ Ý`wQ´>m°Z ho _wbH$U AgVrb. Ý`wQ´>m°Z Vmè`mMr JwéËdmH$f©U eº$s àM§S> AgVo. H$mhrdoiog ho Vmao ñn§XZo Xo{Ib XoVmV, Á`mZm nëgma Ago åhUVmV.

Ý`wQ´m°Z (Neutron)
H$moUVmhr {dÚwV^ma Zgbobm _wbH$U. EH$ Ý`wQ´>m°Z hm EH$m BboŠQ´>m°Znojm 1839 nQ> OS> AgVmo.

Ý`wQ>ZMm n{hbm {Z`_ (Newton’s First Law of Motion)
~mhoéZ H$moUVmhr Xwgam Xm~ Z {Xë`mg EImXr gai aofo_Ü`o OmUmar dñVy gma»`mM doJmZo Am{U H$mbmZo Ë`mM _mJm©Zo OmV am{hb.

Ý`wQ>ZMm Xwgam {Z`_ (Newton’s Second Law of Motion)

_wbq~Xy - Ý`wpŠb`g (Nucleus)
AUyMm YZ {dÚwV^marV Jm^m. Á`m_Ü`o àmoQ´>m°Z Am{U Ý`wQ´>m°Z (hm`S´>moOZMo gmoSy>Z) BboŠQ´>m°Z ^modVr {\$aV AgVmV.

Am°ãbr¹$rQ>r (Obliquity)
EImÚm Jmoï>rÀ`m {dfwdd¥ÎmmMr nmVir Am{U Ë`mÀ`m ^«_UH$joÀ`m nmVirMm H$moZ.

A{YH«_U (Occulation)
AdH$memVrb EImÚm Jmoï>r_yio Xwgè`m Jmoï>rMm àH$me AS>Uo. ~hþVoH$doim J«h _Ü`o Amë`m_yio _m{Jb Vmè`mMm àH$me AS>{dbm OmVmo.

CQ>©Mm T>J (Oort Cloud)
Yy_Ho$Vy§Mo CJ_ñWmZ Agbobm EH$ H$mën{ZH$ Jmob Á`mMr H$jm Amnë`m gy`©_mboÀ`m H$joÀ`m gr_oda Amho. CQ>©Mm T>J ho EH$m Zmd S>M emókmÀ`m ZmdmZo XoÊ`mV Ambo Á`mZo {h H$ënZm _m§S>br.

Iwbm VmaHmJwÀN> (Open Cluster)
Z{dZ Vmè`m§Mm g_wh Omo ZwH$VmM V`ma Pmbm Amho. Á`m§_Ü`o AOyZ nwaoer JwéËdmH$f©U eº$s Zmhr. H$m{h Iwbm VmaH$mJwÀN> Va dm`yMo Am{U YwirMo T>J Xo{Ib AmT>iVmV Á`mnmgyZ Ë`m§Mm OÝ_ Pmbm.

~{h©`wVr (Opposition)
n¥ÏdrdéZ nm{hbo AgVm EImXm J«h Ooìhm ~amo~a gy`m©À`m {déÕ {Xeobm OmVmo Ë`mg ~{h©`wVr Ago åhUVmV.

Hjm (Orbit)
EImÚm Jmoï>rMm Xwgè`m Jmoï>r^modVr {\$aÊ`mMm _mJ©.

Hjm Hmi (Orbital Period)
EImÚm Jmoï>rMm Xwgè`m Jmoï>r^modVr {\$éZ nwÝhm _yi OmJoda `oÊ`mgmR>r bmJUmam H$mi.

n°a°b°Šg (Parallax)
EImÚm Jmoï>rbm XmoZ {Za{Zamù`m OmJodéZ nm{hë`mg Ë`m Jmoï>rÀ`m ~Xbboë`m OmJoMm {XgUmam H$moZ.

nmg}H$ (Parsec)
IJmobemóm_Ü`o dmnabo OmUmao gdm©V _moR>o A§Va. EH$ nmg}H$ åhUOo 3.26 àH$medf©.

CnN>m`m (Penumbra)
H$mhr à_mUmV àH$me Agbobm JS>X N>m`oMm ^mJ. Or J«hUm_wio {XgVo.